Researchers in China have discovered thousands of bone fragments in a cave on the Tibetan Plateau, shedding light on the lives of the Denisovans – mysterious extinct cousins of Neanderthals and humans. The bones were found in Baishiya Karst Cave, located at an elevation of 10,760 feet above sea level, and indicate that the Denisovans hunted a variety of animals, including blue sheep, woolly rhinoceros, and spotted hyenas for food and skins.
Utilizing ancient protein analysis, researchers were able to determine the diversity of animal resources the Denisovans utilized, as well as evidence of butchering, bone marrow extraction, and skinning activities. The findings also included tools made from animal bones, used in processing animal carcasses.
The discovery of a rib bone from a Denisovan individual dating to 48,000-32,000 years ago represents the youngest known Denisovan fossil. The researchers believe that the high altitude cave offered better resources compared to neighboring regions, making it an ideal location for the Denisovans.
While the Denisovans are known from dental remains and bone fragments found in various caves, their ultimate fate remains a mystery. Genetic evidence suggests that they diverged from Neanderthals around 400,000 years ago and interbred with Homo sapiens. However, the reasons for their extinction are unknown.
This study, published in the journal Nature, provides valuable insights into the subsistence behaviors of the Denisovans and their ability to adapt to different environments. Further research may help unravel the mysteries surrounding the enigmatic Denisovans and their significant interactions with other ancient human species.
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