The Israeli military’s investigation into the deadliest attack in Israeli history on Oct. 7, 2023, has determined that Hamas was able to carry out the attack because the Israeli army misjudged the militant group’s intentions and underestimated its capabilities. The investigation findings have caused pressure on Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to launch a broader inquiry into the political decision-making that led to the attack and subsequent war in Gaza. Many Israelis believe that Netanyahu’s failed strategy of deterrence and containment contributed to the attack, including allowing cash to flow into Gaza and sidelining Hamas’ rival, the Palestinian Authority.
Despite public pressure, Netanyahu has resisted calls for a commission of inquiry and has not taken responsibility for the attack. The military’s investigation found that the Israeli military misread Hamas’ intentions, underestimated its capabilities, and was unprepared for the surprise attack by heavily armed militants. Hamas had more than 60 attack routes, far more than what was initially assessed by military planners.
The Hamas offensive on Oct. 7 was carried out with a heavy wave of rockets that allowed thousands of fighters to breach the border and overwhelm Israeli soldiers. The chaos led to the capture of 251 hostages and numerous casualties. The military report blamed overconfidence and lack of doubt in core concepts for the failure to prevent the attack. The investigation may lead to dismissals within the military, as some high-ranking officers have already resigned.
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